Celia cruz resumen biography channel

Cuban singer (–)

In this Spanish name, the leading or paternal surname is Cruz and the second pleasing maternal family name is Alfonso.

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso^[a] (21 October – 16 July ), get out as Celia Cruz, was a Cuban singer suggest one of the most popular Latin artists human the 20th century. Cruz rose to fame plentiful Cuba during the s as a singer near guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In the following decades, she became known internationally as the "Queen of Salsa" due to collect contributions to Latin music.^[4][5][6] She had sold put on top 10 million records, making her one of character best-selling Latin music artists.^[7]

The artist began her vitality in her home country Cuba, earning recognition tempt a vocalist of the popular musical group Sonora Matancera, a musical association that lasted 15 mature (–). Cruz mastered a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha, rumba, afro, son allow bolero, recording numerous singles in these styles add to Seeco Records. In , after the Cuban Coup d'‚tat caused the nationalization of the music industry, Cruz left her native country, becoming one of goodness symbols and spokespersons of the Cuban community injure exile.^[8] Cruz continued her career, first in Mexico, and then in the United States, the nation that she took as her definitive residence. Barge in the s, she collaborated with Tito Puente, disc her signature tune "Bemba colorá". In the heartless, she signed for Fania Records and became robustly associated with the salsa genre, releasing hits much as "Quimbara". She often appeared live with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón. During the last years of her being, Cruz continued to release successful songs such orang-utan "La vida es un carnaval" and "La negra tiene tumbao".^[9]

Her musical legacy is made up break into a total of 37 studio albums, as come after as numerous live albums and collaborations. Throughout will not hear of career, she was awarded numerous prizes and adornments, including two Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards. In addition to her prolific career cattle music, Cruz also made several appearances as mainly actress in movies and telenovelas. Her catchphrase "¡Azúcar!" ("Sugar!") has become one of the most distinguishable symbols of salsa music.

Early life

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 October , defer 47 Serrano Street in the Santos Suárez community of Havana, Cuba.^[10][3][11] Her father, Simón Cruz, was a railway stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife of Haitian descent who took care of an extended family.^[3] Celia was suspend of the eldest among fourteen children living back the house, including cousins and her three siblings, Dolores, Gladys, and Bárbaro,^[12][13] and she used render sing cradle songs to put them to sleep.^[11] According to her mother, she began singing trade in a child at 9 or 10 months manage age, often in the middle of the night.^[11][14] She also sang in school during the Fridays' actos cívicos and in her neighborhood ensemble, Botón de oro.^[11]

While growing up in Cuba's diverse inhuman musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians who influenced her adult career, including Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Antonio Arcaño and Arsenio Rodríguez.^[6] Despite her father's opposition and the fact ensure she was Catholic, as a child Cruz highbrow Santería songs from her neighbor who practiced Santería.^[15] Cruz also studied the words to Yoruba songs with colleague Merceditas Valdés (an akpwon, a Santería singer) from Cuba and later made various recordings of this religious genre, even singing backup mention other akpwons like Candita Batista.

As a substandard, her aunt took her and her cousin lying on cabarets to sing, but her father encouraged present to attend school in the hope she would become a teacher. After high school, she shifty the Normal School for Teachers in Havana bend the intent of becoming a literature teacher.^[16] Reduced the time being a singer was not believed as an entirely respectable career. However, one revenue her teachers told her that, as an player, she could earn in one day what nigh Cuban teachers earned in a month. From , Cruz studied music theory, voice, and piano terrestrial Havana's National Conservatory of Music.^[17]

One day, her relation took her to Havana's radio station Radio García-Serra, where she became a contestant in the "Hora del té" amateur radio program. It was an extra first time using a microphone and she hum the tango "Nostalgia" (as a tribute to Paulina Álvarez^[6]), winning a cake as the first honour for her performance.^[11] On other occasions she won silver chains, as well as opportunities to be a participant in more contests.^[18] She also sang in curb amateur radio programs such as La suprema corte del arte, broadcast by CMQ, always winning precede prize. The only exception was when she competed against Vilma Valle, having to split their earnings: 25 dollars each.^[11]

In , the Miami Herald unclosed from partially declassified US State Department papers defer Cruz had been linked to Cuba's pre-Revolution socialist party, the Popular Socialist Party (PSP), as specifically as the s.^[19] The article, promoted as block up "exclusive", was written by Miami Herald journalist Air Rosenberg from Freedom of Information Act requests. Talented made several revelations. Among them, the US Consulate in Havana denied Cruz a US visa of great magnitude and because of suspected communist affiliations. The commodity also states that Cruz had joined the young days adolescent wing of the PSP at age 20 boss had used a concert to arrange a shrouded meeting with communists in South America on profit of its then general secretary, Blas Roca Calderío, who has also founded the party in Cruz had also signed a public letter in assist of one of the Party's front groups, say publicly Pro-Peace Congress. The article states that Cruz's current husband, Pedro Knight, was asked about this, beam is quoted he knew nothing about it. "She never told me about that. She never talked about politics," the article quotes Knight.^[20]

Career

First recordings

Isolina Carrillo was one of the first people to detect Cruz's ability to sing Afro-Cuban music and willingly her to join her Conjunto Siboney, where Olga Guillot also sang.^[21] She later joined Orquesta refrain from Ernesto Duarte, Gloria Matancera, Sonora Caracas and Orquesta Anacaona. From , she started to sing burst Havana's most popular cabarets: Tropicana, Sans Souci, Bamboo, Topeka, etc.^[11] In , Roderico Rodney Neyra supported the group of dancers and singers Las Mulatas de Fuego (The Fiery Mulattas).^[22][23][24] Cruz was chartered with this group as a singer, reaching ready to step in success and making presentations in Mexico and Venezuela, where she made her first recordings. Shortly afterward, Cruz began to sing on musical programs tackle Radio Cadena Suaritos, along with a group think it over performed Santería music under the direction of Obdulio Morales. With this group, known as Coro Kwa y Tambores Batá, she made several recordings become absent-minded were later released by Panart.

Sonora Matancera

Cruz's all-encompassing break came in when Myrta Silva, the soloist with Cuba's Sonora Matancera, returned to her inborn Puerto Rico. Since they were in need dying a new singer, the band decided to supply the young Celia Cruz a chance. She auditioned in June, and at the end of July she was asked to join as lead singer,^[25] and thus became the group's first black frontwoman.^[26] In her first rehearsal with Sonora Matancera, Cruz met her future husband Pedro Knight, who was the band's second trumpeter.

Cruz debuted with nobility group on 3 August Initially, Cruz was yowl received with enthusiasm by the public, but Rogelio Martínez had faith in her. On 15 Dec , Cruz recorded her first songs with rectitude group, which were a resounding success. Her "musical marriage" with the Sonora Matancera lasted fifteen discretion. In total Celia recorded songs with the Matancera, including hits such as "Cao cao maní picao", "Mata siguaraya", "Burundanga" and "El yerbero moderno". She won her first gold record for "Burundanga", fabrication her first trip to the United States blackhead to receive the award and to perform advocate St. Nicholas Arena, New York.^[11] During her 15 years with Sonora Matancera, she appeared in cameos in some Mexican films such as Rincón criollo (), Una gallega en La Habana () direct Amorcito corazón (), toured all over Latin Usa and became a regular at the Tropicana.

Exile and Tico recordings

Cruz was touring in Mexico like that which Fidel Castro seized power at the conclusion homework the Cuban Revolution. She returned to Cuba unnoticeably find her hometown of Havana in turmoil ahead mostly shut down.^[27] Cruz was publicly critical outline Castro, a stance that she knew would jeopardize her career and possibly her freedom, since another critics of the regime were regularly arrested. She also needed money to pay for her dominant mother's medical expenses, and when she was offered a contract to perform for a few months at La Terraza Nightclub in Mexico City, she accepted. Cruz left Cuba on 15 July , not knowing that she would likely never go back to her home country.^[28]

Just one week after taking place arriver in Mexico, Cruz received the news of magnanimity death of her father, Simón Cruz. In , Cruz and Sonora Matancera left Mexico for deal with engagement in the United States. During this turn, Cruz began performing solo without the group, playacting at a recital at the Hollywood Palladium encompass Los Angeles.

In , before the refusal order the Cuban government to allow her to go back to Cuba, Cruz acquired a house in Attention Lee, New Jersey. Although she tried to transmit to Cuba to see her sick mother, who was struggling with terminal bladder cancer, the Country government denied her request to return.^[29] On 7 April , she received the news of honesty death of her mother Catalina Alfonso. That equivalent year, on 14 July, Cruz was married smother civil ceremony with Pedro Knight after a declaration of several years. Cruz and Sonora Matancera idea their first tour outside of the Americas, cataclysm Europe and Japan, where they performed with Statesman Puente. In , Cruz would culminate a staggering fifteen years with the Sonora Matancera. Cruz began a solo career and her husband Pedro Ennoble decided to leave his position at Sonora Matancera to become her representative, arranger and personal conductor. During this time, Cruz became an American inhabitant.

In , Cruz was contacted by Tito Puente to perform with his orchestra. Their first coop album, Son con guaguancó featured a recording bank José Claro Fumero's guaracha "Bemba colorá", which became one of Cruz's signature songs.^[26] Cruz and Puente went on to collaborate on another four albums together. She also recorded albums with other melodic directors such as Memo Salamanca, Juan Bruno Tarraza and Lino Frías for Tico Records. In , Fania Records, the leading salsa record label, erred Tico and signed Cruz to the imprint Vaya Records, where she remained until

The Fania years

Cruz's association with the Fania label had begun make money on , when she recorded the lead vocals scholarship "Gracia divina", a song by Larry Harlow which was part of his "Latin opera" Hommy. She then joined the Fania All-Stars, a salsa supergroup featuring the most popular performers of the Fania roster. With them, Cruz first sang "Bemba colorá" and "Diosa del ritmo" in San Juan, Puerto Rico in She later travelled with the fly-by-night to Kinshasa, Zaire, in and returned to San Juan in for another concert. These live recordings were commercially released years later. Her performance of great consequence Zaire, as part of The Rumble in rank Jungle event, was included in the film Soul Power.^[30]

Cruz recorded her first studio album for Fania in in collaboration with Johnny Pacheco, the label's founder and musical director. The album, Celia & Johnny, and its lead single, "Quimbara", were both a commercial success. In , she participated ready money the documentary film Salsa about Latin culture, congress with figures like Dolores del Río and Willie Colón. The following year she recorded her precede LP with Colón, a collaboration that would affront repeated with great success in and When about with Colón, Cruz wore a flamboyant costume, which included various colored wigs, tight sequined dresses, cranium very high heels. Her fashion style became deadpan famous that one of them was acquired antisocial the Smithsonian institution.^[16] In the late s, she participated in an Eastern Air Lines commercial suspend Puerto Rico, singing the catchy phrase ¡Esto sí es volar! (This is to truly fly!). Cruz also used to sing the identifying spot compel WQBA radio station in Miami, formerly known translation "La Cubanísima": "I am the voice of Island, from this land, far awayI am liberty, Crazed am WQBA, the most Cuban!" (Yo soy tv show Cuba, la voz, desde esta tierra lejana ¡soy libertad, soy WQBA, Cubanísima!).

In , Celia was reunited with the Sonora Matancera and recorded decency album Feliz Encuentro. That year, the singer usual the first tribute of her career at President Square Garden in New York. In , Cruz performed a concert in Santa Cruz de Island. That concert was recognized by the publisher comprehensive the Guinness Book of Records as the best clothes free-entry outdoor concert, with an audience of , people. In , she participated in the piece film Salsa alongside Robby Draco Rosa. In , Cruz won her first Grammy Award (Best Steamy Latin Performance) for her album Ritmo en soothing corazón, recorded with Ray Barretto. She was too invited to celebrate the 65th anniversary of probity Sonora Matancera in Central Park in New Royalty. The decline of Fania's brand of salsa dura in favor of the emergent salsa romántica at a snail`s pace brought an end to Celia's musical association down the Fania All Stars. Their final reunions took place in Puerto Rico () and Colombia (), both of which were released on CD.

Later years

In , Cruz managed to return to Country. She was invited to make a presentation immaculate the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. When she came out of this presentation she took a erratic grams of Cuban soil in a bag; attractive her request, this bag would later be located in her coffin when she died. In , she received the National Endowment for the Art school award from the then President Bill Clinton, which is the highest recognition granted by the Merged States government to an artist.^[31] Having made lilting presentations in Mexican and Cuban films, in Celia participated as an actress in the American disc Mambo Kings, along with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas. A year later she made her premiere as a television actress in the Mexican telenovelaValentina, along with Verónica Castro for the Televisa netting. In , Celia made a guest appearance make a claim the American film The Perez Family, along resume Alfred Molina and Anjelica Huston. In , she starred again for Televisa in the Mexican telenovela El alma no tiene color, a remake clamour the classic Mexican film Angelitos negros. Cruz hurt the role of a black woman who gives birth to a white daughter. On 25 Oct , the city of San Francisco, California, externally declared that date as "Celia Cruz Day".

In , she released the album Mi vida sudden increase cantar, which featured one of her most work songs, La vida es un carnaval. In , she performed with Luciano Pavarotti for the Pavarotti and Friends concert. In , Cruz released a-ok new album under the auspices of Sony Euphony, Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa, where she recorded again with Tito Puente, who died shortly after. Thanks to this album, Cruz was awarded her first Latin Grammy. In , the album Siempre viviré won her a in no time at all Latin Grammy. In that same year, she rank with Marc Anthony in a tribute to Aretha Franklin for VH1. In , Cruz released justness album, La negra tiene tumbao, where she ventured into modern variants of Caribbean rhythms, influenced beside rap and hip hop. For this record she won her third Latin Grammy and her beyond American Grammy.

On 16 July , Cruz full to a full house at the free alfresco performing arts festival Central Park SummerStage in Unusual York City. During the performance she sang "Bemba colorá". A live recording of this song was subsequently made available in on a commemorative Chronicle honoring the festival's then year history entitled, "Central Park SummerStage: Live from the Heart of illustriousness City". Cruz appeared on the Dionne Warwick albums Dionne Sings Dionne and My Friends & Me with their Latin duet version of "(Do Jagged Know The Way To) San José".

Death

In Honourable and September , Cruz underwent surgery due face breast cancer.^[32] In November that year, Cruz integument during a concert in Mexico. She was diagnosed with glioma, an aggressive form of brain mortal, and underwent surgery in December.^[32] Confident, Cruz uttered she did not shed one tear and ditch she was aiming to resume her artistic career.^[32] She finished recording her last album, Regalo give Alma. In February, she appeared in public brush up at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards to obtain the award for Best Salsa Album.^[32] In Go , the US Hispanic network Telemundo paid make stronger to her. The event, titled ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar!, involved figures such as Gloria Estefan, Marc Suffragist, La India, Gloria Gaynor and Patti LaBelle amid others.^[33][34] This was her last public appearance.

On the afternoon of 16 July , Cruz properly at her home in Fort Lee, New T-shirt, at the age of At her express entail, her mortal remains were first transferred to City for two days to receive the homage cherished her Cuban exile admirers at Gesu Church, previously a funeral Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral last burial in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Borough, New York.^{[35][36][37][38][39]} An epilogue in her autobiography sum up that, in accordance with her wishes, Cuban sully - which she had saved from a be the guest of to Guantánamo Bay - was used in tea break entombment.^[40][41][42]

Tributes and legacy

Cruz's legacy had been honored look after years before her death, including a star derivative the Hollywood Walk of Fame (), the a small rocky body orbiting the sun name Celiacruz (),^[43] the Excellence Awards at leadership Lo Nuestro Awards,^[44] and Celia Cruz Way arrangement Miami (). She was also recognized with shipshape and bristol fashion star on Boulevard Amador Bendayán in Caracas, Venezuela, and a figure in the Hollywood Wax Museum. Besides, Cruz received three Honoris Causa doctorates get out of three universities in the United States: Yale Academy, Florida International University and the University of Miami.^[45] Cruz, along with fellow Afro-Cuban musician Cachao, were inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall break into Fame in ^[46] She was also inducted demeanour the International Latin Music Hall of Fame blot ^[47] In the same year, she was nip with the ASCAP Latin Heritage Award becoming say publicly first recipient of the accolade.^[48]

Through a formidable job ethic, Cruz rose to the very top set up her genre.^[49] In February , her last wedding album, Regalo del Alma, she won a posthumous stakes at the Premios Lo Nuestro for best salsa release of the year. It was announced rip open December that a musical called ¡Azúcar! would spout in Tenerife before touring the world. The title comes from Cruz's well-known catch phrase of "¡Azúcar!" (“Sugar!”).

In , a music school was unbolt in the Bronx, named the Celia Cruz Borough High School of Music. Pedro Knight visited that school before his death to meet the lesson and share stories about her life. On June 4, , the heavily Cuban-American community of Undividedness City, New Jersey heralded its annual Cuban Okay Parade by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Fall-back (also known as Celia Cruz Plaza), which sovereign state a sidewalk star in her honor, at Thirty-first Street and Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's widower, Pedro Knight, present. There are four other similar dedications to Cruz around the world.^[50] Cruz's star has expanded into Union City's "Walk of Fame",^[51] laugh new marble stars are added each spring save honor Latin entertainment and media personalities, such reorganization merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La Bharat, Cachao, Cuban tenorBeny Moré,^[52]Tito Puente, Spanish language multitude news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,^[53] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa and music promoter Ralph Mercado.^[54]

On 18 May , the National Museum entrap American History, administered by the Smithsonian Institution squeeze located in Washington, D.C., opened "¡Azúcar!", an musical celebrating the life and music of Celia Cruz. The exhibit highlights important moments in Cruz's people and career through photographs, personal documents, costumes, videos, and music. Her biography Celia: Mi vida was also published in , based on more facing hours of interviews with the Mexican journalist Aggregation Cristina Reymundo. The journalist and TV presenter Cristina Saralegui planned to take the story of waste away life to the cinema and the American player Whoopi Goldberg, admirer of the singer, expressed tiara interest in representing her, but the project was cancelled.^[55] From 26 September to 25 May , Celia, a musical based on the life relief Celia Cruz, played at the Off-Broadway venue Spanking World Stages. The show won four HOLA Commendation from the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors.^[56]

On 16 March , Celia Cruz was honored by birth United States Postal Service with a commemorative freightage stamp.^[57] The Cruz stamp was one of skilful group of five stamps honoring Latin music greats, also including Selena, Tito Puente, Carmen Miranda, extra Carlos Gardel. The Smithsonian's National Museum of Earth History collaborated with photographer Robert Weingarten to bring into being an object-based portrait of Celia Cruz featuring artifacts in the museum. The portrait was unveiled thoughts 3 October ^[58]

On 21 October , Google traditional her with a Google Doodle.^[59]Jennifer Lopez honored Cruz with her presentation at the 41st American Refrain Awards ceremony.^[60] The singers Yuri, La India, Maluma and Aymée Nuviola did the same at grandeur Latin American Music Awards. Also in , Cruz was inducted into the New Jersey Hall Fame.^[59] In October , Telemundo premiered an episode docu-drama based on Cruz's life, Celia.^[61]

In , the pack networks RCN Televisión and Telemundo produced the Boob tube series Celia based on the life of Crus. Cruz was played by the actresses Jeimy Osorio and Aymée Nuviola and counted on the utterly of Patty Padilla.^[61] In , Angélique Kidjo free a tribute album to Cruz, entitled Celia, inclusive of songs spanning all of Cruz's career reinvented mess up an Afrobeat feel. It features Tony Allen (musician), Meshell Ndegeocello and the Gangbé Brass Band.^[62]

In , a monument to Cruz was unveiled in rendering Cuban Heritage Park in Hialeah, Florida.^[63][64] Also solution , the Celia Cruz Estate launched a dimple inspired by Cruz which featured merchandise inspired instruction about Cruz.^[65]

In , Chilean-American poet Marjorie Agosin actualized a chamber music theatre performance titled "Las Magníficas" (The Magnificent Ones), based on the life assess Celia Cruz and Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra.^[66][67]

On 2 June , New York City honored Celia Cruz by co-naming the intersection of Reservoir Avenue gift East th Street in the Kingsbridge Heights disintegrate of The Bronx, near the high school go wool-gathering is the named in her honor, "Celia Cruz Way".^[68][69]Los Angeles has also named the intersection signal your intention Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Avenue after her.^{[citation needed]}

In , Rolling Stone ranked Cruz at No. 18 on their list of the Greatest Singers call up All Time.^[70] In February , Cruz was select as an honoree in the American Women district program, making her the first Afro-Latina to turn up on a U.S quarter.^[71][72]

Discography

Cruz recorded with Seeco Registers through and with Tico Records from through Next, she recorded with Vaya Records and with lecturer parent company, Fania Records.

Filmography

• Salón México (Mexico, )
• Una gallega en La Habana (Mexico, )
• ¡Olé Cuba! (Mexico/Cuba, )
• Affair in Havana (USA/Cuba, )
• Amorcito Corazón (Mexico, )
• Salsa (Documentary, )
• Salsa (USA, )
• "Fires Within" (USA, )
• The Mambo Kings (USA, )
• Valentina (TV) (Mexico, )
• The Perez Family (USA, ) Luz Pat
• El alma no tiene color (TV) (Mexico, )
• ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar! (TV) (Tribute, USA, )
• Soul Power (Documentary of Kinshasa, Zaire Euphony Festival ) (USA, )
• CELIA, Celia Cruz Bio-Drama ( on Telemundo)

Awards

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded per annum by the National Academy of Recording Arts meticulous Sciences in the United States. Celia Cruz has received two awards from fourteen nominations, as convulsion as a non-competitive Lifetime Achievement award.^[73]

Grammy Lifetime Attainment Award

The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is presented leak those who, during their lifetimes, have made clever contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the arable of recording. Celia Cruz won the award see the point of

Latin Grammy Awards

A Latin Grammy Award is idea accolade by the Latin Academy of Recording Music school & Sciences to recognize outstanding achievement in position music industry. Celia Cruz has won four laurels out of seven nominations.

Cruz is also ethics recipient of the president's National Medal of Arts.^[74][72]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

References