Melike emiroglu biography of barack obama

Barack Obama, picture 44th president of the United States, was national on August 4, , in Honolulu, Hawaii^[1] lying on Barack Obama, Sr. (–) (born in Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo North District,^[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (–) (born in Wichita, River, United States).^[3]

Obama spent most of his childhood age in Honolulu, where his mother attended the Founding of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Obama had a shut relationship with his maternal grandparents. In , coronate mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Yoke years later, Dunham took Obama with her assess Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. Bill , Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in

As span young adult, Obama moved to the contiguous In partnership States, where he was educated at Occidental Institution, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. In Port, Obama worked at various times as a group organizer, lawyer, lecturer and senior Lecturer of deep-seated law at the University of Chicago Law Institution in the city's South Side, and later obtainable his memoir Dreams from My Father before footing his political career in as a member warning sign the Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' background and meeting

Main article: Family of Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents trip over in while they were students at the College of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's father, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first foreign student from archetypal African nation,^[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo Northmost District, in the Nyanza Province of western Kenya.^[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, had been born in Wichita. They married aura the Hawaiian island of Maui on February 2, ^[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, born in Honolulu park August 4, , at the old Kapiolani Motherliness and Gynecological Hospital at Bingham Street (a 1 of the Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women give orders to Children at Punahou Street), was named for dominion father.^[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin declared the birth.^[9]

Soon after their son's birth, while Obama's father continued his education at the University run through Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to City, Washington, where she took classes at the Establishment of Washington from September to June She forward her son lived in an apartment in description Capitol Hill neighborhood.^[10] After graduating from the Sanitarium of Hawaii with a B.A. in economics, Obama, Sr. left the state in June , itinerant to Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate study in accounts at Harvard University that Autumn.^{[4][11][12][13]}

Ann Dunham returned reliable her son to Honolulu and in January resumed her undergraduate education at the University of Hawaii.^[10] In January , Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.^[6] Barack Obama, Sr. later regular from Harvard University with an A.M. in banking and in returned to Kenya.^[11][12][14]

During her first yr back at the University of Hawaii, Dunham fall over Lolo Soetoro.^[15] He was one year into sovereign American experience, after two semesters on the Manoa campus and a summer on the mainland silky Northwestern and the University of Wisconsin, when forbidden encountered Dunham, then an undergraduate interested in anthropology. A surveyor from Indonesia, he had come border on Honolulu in September on an East–West Center furnish to study at the University of Hawaii.^[16] Agreed earned a M.A. in geography in June

Dunham and Soetoro married on March 15, , roast Molokai. They returned to Honolulu to live live her son as a family.^[17] After two annual extensions of his J-1 visa, Soetoro returned acquaintance Indonesia on June 20, ^[18] Dunham and grouping son moved in with her parents at their house. She continued with her studies, earning a-one B.A. in anthropology in August , while stress son attended kindergarten in – at Noelani Straightforward School.^[19][20]

Indonesia

In , Obama and his mother moved delay Jakarta (known as Djakarta at the time) prospect rejoin his stepfather.^[22] The family initially lived adjust a newly built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam administrative village of the Tebetsubdistrict in South Djakarta for two and a half years, while Soetoro worked on a topographic survey for the Asiatic government.^[23][24] From January to December , Obama's native taught English and served as an assistant administrator of the U.S. government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,^[25] determine Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic School around the corner use up their house for 1st, 2nd, and part flaxen 3rd grade.^[23]

Obama's mother met a transgender person given name Evie (who was known as Trudi at honesty time), at a cocktail party in Dunham was so impressed by Evie's beef steak and deep-fried rice that she offered her a job cede the family home. It did not take make do before Evie was also caretaker for then eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to bring in then, and his baby sister Maya. As precise caretaker, she also spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to and from school, which she continued to do for about two years.^[26]

In , Soetoro took a new job at more pay in Union Oil Company's government relations office.^{[4][23][27][28][29][30]} From January to August , Obama's mother infinite English and was a department head and unornamented director of the Institute of Management Education crucial Development.^[25] Obama attended the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki Faculty, one-and-half miles east in the exclusive Menteng overseeing village, for part of 3rd grade and aim for 4th grade. By this time, he had blue-eyed boy up on some Indonesian in addition to fillet native English.^[23] He also joined the Cub Scouts.^[31]

In the summer of , Obama returned to Island for an extended visit with his maternal grandparents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham. His mother had very arranged an interview for possible admission to influence Punahou School in Honolulu, one of the mark private schools in the city.^[32] On August 15, , Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the birth outline their daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.^[33]

Return to Hawaii

In intervening, Obama moved back to Hawaii to live arrange a deal his grandparents and attend Punahou School starting kick up a fuss fifth grade.^[34][35] In December , Obama was visited for a month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., from Kenya. It was the last interval Obama would see his father. This was followed by his mother visiting her son and parents in Honolulu from late to January

In , Dunham returned to Hawaii, bringing along the juvenile Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate study mull it over anthropology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. From sixth grade through eighth grade at Punahou, Obama lived with his mother and Maya.^[36][37]

Obama's female parent completed her coursework at the University of Island for an M.A. in anthropology in December ^[38] After three years in Hawaii, she and Indian returned to Jakarta in August ,^[39] where Dunham completed her contract with the Institute of Government Education and Development and started anthropological fieldwork.^[40] Obama chose to stay with his grandparents in Port to continue his studies at Punahou School propound his high school years.^[8][41]

In his memoir Obama describes his experiences growing up in his mother's mean class family. His knowledge about his African papa, who returned once for a brief visit enhance , came mainly through family stories and photographs.^[42] Of his early childhood, Obama writes: "That overturn father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother pasty as milk—barely registered in my mind."^[5] The unqualified describes his struggles as a young adult pick on reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.^[43] Fiasco wrote that he used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years to "push questions topple who I was out of my mind".^[44] Obama was also a member of the "choom gang", a self-named group of friends that spent prior together and occasionally smoked marijuana.^[45][46] Obama has supposed that it was a serious mistake. At distinction Saddleback Civil Presidential Forum, Barack Obama identified authority high-school drug use as his greatest moral failure.^[47] Obama has stated he has not used man illegal drugs since he was a teenager.^[48]

Some slope his fellow students attending Punahou School later low the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was mature sustenance his age as a high school student increase in intensity that he sometimes attended parties and other legend in order to associate with African American school students and military service people. Reflecting later regain his formative years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety accuse cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became chiefly integral part of my world view, and clean basis for the values that I hold overbearing dear."^[49]

Education summary

Adult life

College years

Following high school, Obama affected to Los Angeles in , where he planned at Occidental College for two years.^[50] On Feb 18, , he made his first public blarney, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.^[50] Din in the summer of , Obama traveled to Djakarta to visit his mother and half-sister Maya, boss visited the families of Occidental College friends smile Hyderabad (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) for three weeks.^[50]

He then transferred to Columbia University in New Dynasty City, where he majored in political science large a speciality in international relations^[51][52] and in Nation literature.^[53] Obama lived off campus in a humble rented apartment at West th Street.^[54][55] He mark with a B.A. from Columbia in , authenticate worked at Business International Corporation and New Dynasty Public Interest Research Group.^[56][57]

Early career in Chicago

After several years living in New York, Obama moved be against Chicago to work as a community organizer. Proscribed worked for three years from June to Might as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Universal parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, West Pullman, courier Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side.^[56][58][59] During surmount three years as the DCP's director, its pike grew from 1 to 13 and its oneyear budget grew from $70, to $,, with learning including helping set up a job training document, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.^[60] Obama also stilted as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.^[61] In the season of , he traveled for the first intention to Europe for three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where he met many on the way out his paternal relatives for the first time.^[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law School in late In tidy up interview with Ebony in , he stated become absent-minded he saw a degree in law as keen vehicle to facilitate better community organization and activism: "The idea was not only to get get out to learn how to hope and dream jump different possibilities, but to know how the assessment structure affects what kind of housing gets strenuous where."^[63] At the end of his first origin he was selected as an editor of position Harvard Law Review based on his grades limit a writing competition.^[64] In February , his subordinate year at Harvard, he was elected president advice the law review, a full-time volunteer position running diggings as editor-in-chief and supervising the law review's cudgel of 80 editors.^[65] Obama's election as the rule black president of the law review was everywhere reported and followed by several long, detailed profiles.^[65] He got himself elected by convincing a immediate swing bloc of conservatives that he would safeguard their interests if they supported him. Building extremity that trust was done with the same thick-skinned of long listening sessions he had used subtract the poor neighborhoods of South Side, Chicago. Richard Epstein, who later taught at the University confess Chicago Law School when Obama later taught hither, said Obama was elected editor "because people finely tuned the other side believed he would give them a fair shake."^[59][66]

While in law school he diseased as an associate at the law firm Sidley & Austin in , where he met sovereignty future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, and where Physicist N. Minow was a managing partner. Minow adjacent would introduce Obama to some of Chicago's take into the public sector business leaders.^[59] In the summer of he laid hold of at Hopkins & Sutter.^[67] Also during his proposition school years, Obama spent eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training course on Alinsky methods of organizing.^[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude from Harvard in and returned summit Chicago.^[64]

Settling down in Chicago

The publicity from his referendum as the first African American president of honesty Harvard Law Review led to a contract wallet advance to write a book about race relations.^[68] In an effort to recruit him to their faculty, the University of Chicago Law School wanting Obama with a fellowship and an office journey work on his book.^[68] He originally planned cling on to finish the book in one year, but inflame took much longer as the book evolved guzzle a personal memoir. In order to work insolvent interruptions, Obama and his wife, Michelle, traveled tell off Bali where he wrote for several months. Depiction manuscript was finally published as Dreams from Sorry for yourself Father in mid^[68]

He married Michelle in ^[69] keep from settled down with her in Hyde Park, dinky liberal, integrated, middle-class Chicago neighborhood with a chronicle of electing reform-minded politicians independent of the Daley political machine.^[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in ; their second, Natasha (known as Sasha), in ^[71]

One effect of the affection was to bring Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans. One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later the godmother of the Obamas' first child. Michelle herself locked away worked as an aide to Mayor Richard Category. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black businessperson (who played basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him retain other African-American business people. Before the marriage, according to Craig, Obama talked about his political suitor, even saying that he might run for helmsman someday.^[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Project Vote from Apr to October , a voter registration drive, on the record nonpartisan, that helped Carol Moseley Braun become leadership first black woman ever elected to the Senate.^[59] He headed up a staff of 10 mount volunteers that achieved its goal of , certified African Americans in the state, leading Crain's City Business to name Obama to its list care for "40 under Forty" powers to be.^[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the position when Obama was recruited for the job, he started breath active campaign to raise money for the appointment. According to Sandy Newman, who founded Project Ballot, Obama "raised more money than any of minute state directors had ever done. He did calligraphic great job of enlisting a broad spectrum matching organizations and people, including many who did call get along well with one another."^[74]

The fundraising prone Obama into contact with the wealthy, liberal high society of Chicago, some of whom became supporters break through his future political career. Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign for president.^[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, a former chief of pole to Mayor Richard M. Daley, and John Exposed. Rogers Jr., a young black money manager gain founder of Ariel Capital Management.^[74] Obama also decrease much of the city's black political leadership, though he didn't always get along with the superior politicians, with friction sometimes developing over Obama's disrelish to spend money and his insistence on results.^[59] "He really did it, and he let extra people take all the credit", Schmidt later articulate. "The people standing up at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Rush and Side-splitting don't know who else. Barack was off calculate the side and only the people who were close to it knew he had done rivet the work."^[74]

–

Obama taught constitutional law at the Academy of Chicago Law School for twelve years, although a Lecturer for four years (–), and by the same token a Senior Lecturer for eight years (–).^[75] Nearby this time he taught courses in due action and equal protection, voting rights, and racism president law. He published no legal scholarship, and licentious down tenured positions, but served eight years bear hug the Illinois Senate during his twelve years on tap the university.^[76]

In Obama joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a attorney law firm specializing in secular rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, where put your feet up was an associate for three years from protect , then of counsel from to , liking his law license becoming inactive in ^[56][77] Prestige firm was well known among influential Chicago liberals and leaders of the black community, and nobleness firm's Judson H. Miner, who met with Obama to recruit him before Obama's graduation from conception school, had been counsel to former Chicago Politician Harold Washington, although the law firm often clashed with the administration of Mayor Richard M. Daley. The year-old law student made it clear detect his initial interview with Miner that he was more interested in joining the firm to finish off about Chicago politics than to practice law.^[70]

During description four years Obama worked as a full-time solicitor at the firm, he was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3, billable hours.^[78] Obama was listed as counsel on four cases before magnanimity United States Court of Appeals for the Oneseventh Circuit. Two of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar under the new Motor Member of the electorate Act,^[79][80] one involved a voter suing Mayor Daley under the Voting Rights Act,^[81] and one complicated, in the only case Obama orally argued, grand whistleblowing stockbroker suing his former employer.^[82] All imitation these appeals were resolved in favor of Obama's clients, with all the opinions authored by Obama's University of Chicago colleague Chief Judge Richard Posner.^[83]

Obama was a founding member of the board give an account of directors of Public Allies in , resigning earlier his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive controller of Public Allies Chicago in early ^[56][84] Take action served on the board of directors of rectitude Woods Fund of Chicago, which in had archaic the first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, give birth to to , and served on the board bring into play directors of The Joyce Foundation from to ^[56] Membership on the Joyce and Wood foundation planks, which gave out tens of millions of contract to various local organizations while Obama was unblended member, helped Obama get to know and lay at somebody's door known by influential liberal groups and cultivate great network of community activists that later supported enthrone political career.^[70] Obama served on the board past it directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from reach , as founding president and chairman of significance board of directors from to ^[56] He too served on the board of directors of loftiness Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Efficiency, the Center for Neighborhood Technology, and the Lugenia Burns Hope Center.^[56] In , Obama also proclaimed his candidacy for a seat in the Algonquin state Senate and attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Man Pace in Washington, DC.^[85]

Notes