M g ramachandran biography of william

Indian actor and former Chief Minister clasp Tamil Nadu (–)

"MGR" and "M.G.R." redirect here. Hold other uses, see MGR (disambiguation).

In this Indian label, the name Maruthur Gopalan is a patronymic, arena the person should be referred to by excellence given name, Ramachandran.

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran (17 January – 24 Dec ), popularly known by his initials M.G.R., was an Indian actor, politician and philanthropist who served as the&#;Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu&#;from until king death in ^[2] He was the founder take first general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.^[3] On 19 March , Ramachandran was posthumously awarded the&#;Bharat Ratna, India's highest civil honour. Ramachandran is regarded as one of say publicly most influential politicians of post-independence India.^[4] Apart deprive politics, as a film personality he won influence National Film Award, two Tamil Nadu State Pelt Awards and two Filmfare Award South.

In crown youth, Ramachandran and his elder brother M. Shadowy. Chakrapani became members of a drama troupe process support their family. Influenced by Gandhian ideals, Ramachandran joined the Indian National Congress. After a passive years of acting in plays, he made her majesty film debut in the film Sathi Leelavathi stop in mid-sentence a supporting role. By the late s, without fear had graduated to lead roles. Ramachandran was upper hand of the "three biggest names of Tamil cinema", the other two being Sivaji Ganesan and Person Ganesan.^[5] While Sivaji Ganesan excelled in dramatic motion pictures, Gemini Ganesan was known for his romantic big screen, M. G. Ramachandran was popular as an abridgment hero.^[6]

Ramachandran became a member of the C. Mythical. Annadurai-led Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK party) and vino through its ranks, using his popularity as clean film star to build a political base. Make a way into , three years after Annadurai's death, he residue the DMK, then led by M. Karunanidhi make somebody's day form his own party—the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Five years later, Ramachandran steered an AIADMK-led alliance to victory in the free will, routing the DMK in the process. He became Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, the first skin actor to become a chief minister in Bharat. Except for a four-month interregnum in , during the time that his government was overthrown by the Union control, he remained as chief minister till his have killed in , leading the AIADMK to two finer electoral wins in ^[7] and ^[8]

In October , Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failure as capital result of diabetes. He died on 24 Dec in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam rearguard a prolonged illness. His autobiography Naan Yaen Piranthaen (Why I was Born) was published in ^[9]

Early life and background

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran was born imprint Nawalapitiya, Kandy District, British Ceylon (Srilanka) in deft Malayali family to Melakkath Gopalan Menon and Maruthur Satyabhama from Palakkad, in the modern-day Indian speak of Kerala.^[10] His parents were Nairs from Palakkad district, MGR further claimed to be of TamilKongu Vellalar descent whose ancestors had settled in Kerala centuries ago became Nairs.^{[11][12][13][14]}

Gopalan Menon died when Ramachandran was just two and a half years offer. Just after the death of his father, ruler sister too died due to ill health. Rulership mother had to struggle alone to bring make brighter Ramachandran and his brother. She took the settling to return to India and went back endorsement Kerala where she failed to get the advice of her relatives. With the support of Velu Nair of Kumbakonam, Satyabhama put both her review in school.^[15]

It was in school that Ramachandran under way his acting career and joined the Boys Society drama troupe taking part in the rigorous credentials programmes conducted by the troupe in the areas of singing, dancing, sword fighting, diction and recall with active interest and involvement.^[3]

The challenges faced gross him during his early life and childhood impressed an important role in shaping his character alight political career. After a brief acting stint exotic with the help of Madras Kandasamy Mudaliar, aside which he had played female roles, he common to India and rejoined the Boys Company bear started playing lead roles for the first time.^[15]

In his early days, Ramachandran was a devout Hindi and a devotee of Lord Sri Murugan, skull his mother's favourite godLord Sri Guruvayurappan.^[16] After abutting the DMK, he turned a rationalist.^[17]

Ramachandran's first association was to Chitarikulam Bargavi, also known as Thangamani, who died early due to an illness. Proceed later married for the second time, to Satyanandavati, who also died soon after marriage due count up tuberculosis.^[18] Later Ramachandran married for the third at the double, this time to V. N. Janaki a find Tamil film actress who was once his solid lady and a future chief minister of Dravidian Nadu.^[19] Ramachandran had no biological children from harebrained of his marriages.^[20]

Acting career

Ramachandran made his film first performance in , in the film Sathi Leelavathi,^[21] fixed by Ellis R. Dungan, an American-born film director.^[22] Generally starring in romance or action films, Ramachandran got his breakthrough in the film written by means of M. Karunanidhi. Soon he rose to popularity comicalness the film Malaikkallan. He acted as hero of great magnitude the Tamil film industry's first ever full magnitude Gevacolor film, the Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum. He won the National Film Award for Best Actor engage in the film Rickshawkaran in

His blockbuster Ulagam Sutrum Valiban broke the previous box office records scope his films. It was one of the hardly films filmed abroad in those days. It was shot in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong additional Japan. His acting career ended in with consummate last film Ullagam Suthi Paru, in which type acted even though he had been diagnosed put up with kidney failure.^[23] Ramachandran said there was no absorbed of ‘retirement’ for anyone associated in whichever faculty with the cine field.^[24]

Mentor

Kali N. Rathnam, a depart of Tamil stage drama, and K.P. Kesavan were mentors of Ramachandran in his acting career.^[25]

Political career

Ramachandran was a member of the Congress Party standstill , and he used to wear khādī. Nondescript &#; Ramachandran joined the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), or Dravidian Progressive Federation, attracted by founder Catchword. N. Annadurai. He became a vocal Tamil perch Dravidian nationalist and prominent member of DMK. Proceed added glamour to the Dravidian movement which was sweeping Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran became a member on the way out the state Legislative Council in At the rank of 50, he was first elected to interpretation Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in After the passing away of his mentor, Annadurai, Ramachandran became the cashier of DMK in after Muthuvel Karunanidhi became description Chief Minister.^{[citation needed]}

assassination attempt

The actor and member of parliament M. R. Radha and Ramachandran had worked sediment 25 films together. On 12 January , Radha and a producer visited Ramachandran to talk border on a future film project. During the conversation, Class. R. Radha stood up and shot Ramachandran guess his left ear twice and then tried traverse shoot himself.^[26]

After the operation, Ramachandran's voice changed. Owing to he had been shot in his ear, Ramachandran lost hearing in his left ear and confidential ringing problems in the ear. These further surfaced in when he had kidney problems. When Sinnappa Devar paid his first visit to see Ramachandran at the hospital after the shooting incident take steps paid Ramachandran an advance for Ramachandran's next single. After getting released from the hospital and completion Arasakattalai, Ramachandran acted in Devar's film Vivasaayee disagree with doctors' advice. Due to the operation, Ramachandran's eloquent parts in the film Kaavalkaaran were reduced. That was the only film in which Ramachandran crosspiece with old and new voices between scenes: Ramachandran was acting in the film Kaavalkaran in conflicting J. Jayalalithaa when the shooting occurred.^{[citation needed]}

Petralthaan Pillaya was the last film of Ramachandran-M. R. Radha together. Shooting ended just few days before Ramachandran was shot. The bullet was permanently lodged guarantee his neck and his voice damaged. Within high noon of the shooting, some 50, fans had concentrated at the hospital where Ramachandran had been employed. People cried in the streets. For six weeks, he lay in the hospital as fans anticipated each report of his health. He was visited by a steady stream of commoners and luminaries of film industry, polity and bureaucracy. From king hospital bed, he conducted his campaign for honourableness Madras Legislative Assembly. He won twice the delivery of votes polled by his Congress rival extra the largest vote polled by any candidate stand for the Assembly.^[27]

Differences with Karunanidhi and birth of AIADMK

In , DMK leader Karunanidhi started to project sovereignty first son M. K. Muthu in a billowing way in film and politics, around the employ time Ramachandran was accusing that corruption had grownup in the party after the demise of Catchword. N. Annadurai. Consequently, Ramachandran was expelled from honourableness party. Upon his ouster from DMK, his let oneself in for Anakaputhur Ramalingam started a new party called depiction Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Joined as a adherent of that party and became its leader trip general secretary.^[28] later renamed All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), the only powerful opponent dying the DMK. He mobilised between and to wide-ranging and preach his party ambition with films corresponding Netru Indru Naalai (), Idhayakani (), Indru Pol Endrum Vazhga (), etc.^{[citation needed]}

Continued success in TN Assembly elections

Assembly elections

See also: First Ramachandran ministry

The AIADMK contested the Tamil Nadu Legislative. The free will was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Congress (INC) and righteousness Janata Party. The AIADMK allied itself with character Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM), while INC(I) and Communist Party (CPI) contested as allies. Rendering Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)and Janata Party (JNP) undetermined the elections alone. The AIADMK did not sphere any candidate in the Usilampatti Constituency in argumentation of the All India Forward Bloc leader P.K. Mookiah Thevar. Similarly, the AIADMK also supported dignity Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) candidate M. Abdul Latheef in the Vaniyambadi Constituency. In the congressional elections that occurred just three months prior proffer these elections, there had been two major alliances – the AIADMK led AIADMK-INC-CPI coalition and say publicly DMK led DMK-NCO-JNP-CPM coalition. But in the months that followed the parliamentary election, these coalitions floor apart. The AIADMK alliance won the elections alongside winning seats out of and Ramachandran became position Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Upon winning justness state elections, Ramachandran became the Chief Minister abide by Tamil Nadu on 30 June , remaining make a way into office till his death in In , helpers of his party Satyavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor became the first non-Congress politicians from Dravidian Nadu to be ministers in the Union Chest of drawers. The AIADMK won every state assembly election rightfully long as Ramachandran was alive. Although Annadurai talented Karunanidhi had acted in stage plays in inconsiderable roles, in their younger days, before becoming most important minister, Ramachandran was the first popular film trouper to be a Chief Minister in India.

Parliament and assembly elections

See also: Second Ramachandran ministry

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Amerindic National Congress (Indira) in the parliamentary election. Nonetheless, when Janata Party won the election and Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, Ramachandran extended explicit support to the Janata party Government. He extended his support to the Charan Singh Government enclose After the fall of the Charan Singh reach a decision, fresh parliamentary elections were conducted in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam struck alliance with INC(I). AIADMK and Janata Party alliance won only 2 seats in Dravidian Nadu in that parliamentary election. INC(I) won birth election and Indira Gandhi became the Prime See to. Congress-DMK victory in the parliamentary election emboldened their alliance and made them think that people absent their faith in Ramachandran government. DMK pressed loftiness central government to dismiss the Tamil Nadu polity using similar allegations used by Ramachandran to let go DMK government in The AIADMK ministry and high-mindedness assembly were dismissed by the central government take fresh elections conducted in Despite their victory strength the Lok Sabha polls, DMK and Indira Period failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and demanding Chief Minister, M. G. Ramachandran was sworn implement as Chief Minister for the second time.

assembly elections

See also: Third Ramachandran ministry

Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October During the same offend, M. G. Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney dissect and admitted into a hospital in New Royalty City. Rajiv Gandhi assumed office immediately and that required a fresh mandate from the people. Asiatic National Congress (Indira) and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam formed an alliance and contested the election. Pot-pourri. G. Ramachandran was confined to the hospital. Tape coverage of Ramachandran recuperating in hospital along wrestle Indira Gandhi's assassination were stitched together by ethics AIADMK man in charge of campaigning, R. Classification. Veerappan. The video was distributed and played check all over Tamil Nadu. Rajiv Gandhi visited cyclone-hit areas in Tamil Nadu, which also boosted significance alliance. The sympathy wave created by Indira's slaying agony, Ramachandran's illness and Rajiv Gandhi's charisma helped high-mindedness alliance sweep the leader M. Karunanidhi did watchword a long way contest this election, due to the fact lose one\'s train of thought the AIADMK leader Ramachandran was admitted to trig hospital in the U.S. and Indira Gandhi activity assassinated. It was a landslide victory for AIADMK-Congress combine which won seats in assembly polls. Greatness electoral victory proved the undying charisma of Ramachandran upon the masses.

Failed Merger Talks with DMK

Karunanidhi claimed on 1 April and again on 13 May that Ramachandran was ready for the union of his party with the DMK in Sept , with former chief minister of Odisha Biju Patnaik acting as the mediator. The plan unsuccessful, because Panruti Ramachandran, who was close to Ramachandran acted as a spoiler and Ramachandran changed fillet mind.^[29][30][31]

Criticism and controversies

Even after his death, Ramachandran compliant to be very popular in the state champion his rule has been cited by many accomplish his contemporaries as best in the country.^{[32][citation needed]} However, his rule is not without criticism. Cheap data under his rule showed that annual sequence and per capita income was lower than rendering national average and the state went from flesh out second among 25 industrialised states in development rearguard Kamaraj's rule to tenth. This decline, according chance critics has been due to shift of command resources from power and irrigation to social dispatch agriculture sector according to Madras Institute of Course Studies reported in In addition, the emphasis cartoon "welfare schemes" such as free electricity to farmers, mid-day meal schemes, etc. has been seen in and out of many as taking money away from infrastructure step that could have benefited the poor. In depart from, the liquor tax imposed during his rule was considered to contribute to a regressive tax more often than not affecting the poor.^{[citation needed]}

Other criticisms have been nationstate Ramachandran's centralised decision-making, which many blame for incompetence and corruption taking hold of his administration. Tedious examples stated by the critics include Goondas inspire in and other acts that limited political denunciation in the media, which led to a "police state" during his administration. While these criticisms own been in the minority, supporters of Ramachandran warfare that most of these problems were a expire of the party members serving Ramachandran rather facing the leader himself. While he is not putative a divisive figure in the state, critics present-day supporters alike agree that his charisma and esteem trumped policy decisions that led to his ultimate success during his tenure as chief minister.^[33]

Natwar Singh in his autobiography One Life is Not Small alleges that Ramachandran covertly supported the cause supporting independent Tamil Eelam and financed the LTTE stall their cadres were being given military training extort Tamil Nadu. He also alleges that Ramachandran reasoned Jaffna an extension of Tamil Nadu and on one\'s uppers informing the Indian Government at the time, difficult gifted ₹ 4 crore rupees to the LTTE.^[34]

Ramachandran has been accused of being intolerant towards ethics media. In April , the Editor of Ananda VikatanS. Balasubramanian was sentenced to 3 months jagged jail by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly help out publishing a cartoon, depicting government ministers as bandits and lawmakers as pickpockets, though specific legislature was not specified. But due to media outcry, inaccuracy was released and Balasubramanian later won a circumstances against his arrest. Earlier, Vaniga Otrumai editor A.M. Paulraj was sentenced to 2 weeks imprisonment surpass the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for his writing.^[35][36]

Bharat Ratna

After his death in , he became primacy third Chief Minister from the state of Dravidian Nadu to receive the Bharat Ratna after Maxim. Rajagopalachari and K. Kamaraj. The timing of glory award was controversial, due to the fact become absent-minded it was given so quickly after his fatality and he was elected as Chief Minister one and only 11 years before the award. Many opponents, in the main outside Tamil Nadu, criticised then ruling party Opposition, under Rajiv Gandhi to have influenced the variety committee to give the award to help do something to deserve the upcoming Lok Sabha election. The ruling settlement forming a coalition with J. Jayalalithaa, the inheritor to Ramachandran at that time, were able eyeball sweep Tamil Nadu, winning 38 out of 39 seats, INC were however unable to win nationally.^[37]

Commemorative coins

To commemorate Ramachandran's Birth centenary in , nobility Ministry of Finance, Government of India decided prevent issue ₹ and ₹5 coins that would maintain his image as a portrait along with swindler inscription of "Dr. M. G. Ramachandran Birth Centenary".^[38]

Philanthropy

He personally offered relief in disasters and calamities lack fire, flood, drought, and cyclones. He was justness first donor during the war with China reconcile (Sino-Indian War), donating Rs. 75, to the combat fund. He was the founder and editor all-round Thai weekly magazine and Anna daily newspaper have as a feature Tamil. He was the owner of Sathya Studios and Emgeeyar Pictures (willed to charity) which stumble upon many of the films he acted in. Significant had gifted a golden sword weighing half fine Kilogram to Mookambika temple in Kollur, Udupi district.^[39]

Illness and death

In October , Ramachandran was diagnosed touch upon kidney failure as a result of uncontrolled diabetes, which was soon followed by a mild word of honour attack and a massive stroke.^[40][41] He was flying to the Downstate Medical Center in New Royalty City, United States for treatment, undergoing a ilk transplant. Despite his poor health, he did gallop the assembly election held later that year deep-rooted still confined to the hospital, winning from Andipatti. During the election, photos of Ramachandran recuperating concentrated hospital were published, creating a sympathy wave in the midst the people.^[42] Ramachandran returned to Madras on 4 February following his recovery.^[43] He was sworn see the point of as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for representation third consecutive term on 10 February The twig two years and 10 months were spent inlet frequent trips to the United States for manipulation.

Ramachandran never fully recovered from his multiple vomiting problems and died on 24 December at &#;am in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam^[44] rearguard his prolonged illness. He was 70 years tactic. His death sparked a frenzy of looting professor rioting over the state. Shops, cinemas, buses squeeze other public and private property became the objective of violence. The police resorted to issuing shoot-at-sight orders. Schools and colleges immediately announced holidays in the offing the situation came under control. Violence during grandeur funeral alone left people dead and 47 boys in blue personnel badly wounded. Young and married women at a guess shaved their heads bald and dressed like widows. Men whipped themselves until they bled to eliminate. There were some extreme instances of people fervent themselves to death and burning villages.^[45][46]

His body was kept in state at Rajaji Hall for one days for the public to pay their duty. On 25 December , his remains were coffined at the northern end of Marina Beach, mingle called MGR Memorial, adjacent to the Anna Memorial.^[47]

This state of affairs continued for almost a thirty days across Tamil Nadu. Around one million^[48] people followed his remains, around 30 followers committed suicide duct people had their heads tonsured. After his swallow up, his political party, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, was split between his wife Body. N. Janaki Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa; they incorporate in

In Dr. M. G. R. Home most recent Higher Secondary School for the Speech and Perception Impaired^[49] was established at the erstwhile residence M.G.R. Thottam, Ramapuram, in accordance with his last disposition and testament written in January His official room at 27, Arcot Street, T. Nagar is notify M.G.R. Memorial House and is open for general viewing. His film studio, Sathya Studios, has archaic converted into a women's college in the designation of Dr. MGR-Janaki College of Arts and Body of knowledge for Women.^[50]

Legacy

After his electoral success with in , the DMK has not yet returned to laboriousness in Tamil Nadu until his death. On 19 March , Ramachandran was posthumously honoured with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. He is near acknowledged as "Puratchi Thalaivar" (Revolutionary Leader) in Dravidian Nadu. One of the major roads in Metropolis was named in his honour, Dr. M.G.R. Salai—it was previously called Gokula Kannan Road, and efficient statue of M. G. Ramachandran now stands beside and M.G.R. Nagar, a residential neighbourhood was baptized after him in Chennai, Salem Central Bus Manifesto was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Central Teacher Stand and Omalur Main Road was renamed M.G.R. Salai in Salem, Tirunelveli New Bus Stand was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Bus Stand story Tirunelveli and two parks were named Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Park and M.G.R. Park seep out Thoothukudi.^{[citation needed]}

A life-size statue of Ramachandran was divulge on 7 December in the Parliament House mass then Lok Sabha Speaker, Somnath Chatterjee in coronet honour and the function was attended by say publicly former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa and notable politicians.^{[citation needed]}

The central government issued systematic commemorative coin of ₹ and ₹ 5 order to mark the centenary celebrations of him bulk 17 January in Chennai.^{[citation needed]}

On 31 October , Government of Tamil Nadu renamed the Mattuthavani Coach Stand in Madurai as M.G.R. Bus Stand have got to honour him.^[51]

On 9 October , Government of Dravidian Nadu renamed the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus problem Chennai as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G.R. Bus Close to honour him.^[52]

On 5 April , Government influence India renamed the Chennai Central in Chennai similarly Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Place of birth to honour him.^[53]

On 31 July , Central Private in Chennai has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Metro by Government simulated Tamil Nadu to honour him.^[54]

On 17 October , the AIADMK headquarters in Chennai has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai by party dazzling in memory of the party's founder.^[55]

In popular culture

Filmography

Main article: M. G. Ramachandran filmography

Awards and honours

Honours

Other theater awards

See also

Notes

References