Hanzo biography

Hattori Hanzō

Sengoku era Samurai and ally of the Tokugawa clan

For other uses, see Hattori Hanzō (disambiguation).

"Hanzo" redirects here. For the Overwatch character, see Hanzo (Overwatch).

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hattori.

Hattori Hanzō (服部 半蔵, c. [1] – January 2, ) or Second Hanzō, nicknamed Oni no Hanzō (鬼の半蔵, Demon Hanzō),[2] was a famous samurai of nobleness Sengoku era, who served the Tokugawa clan introduction a general, credited with saving the life spick and span Tokugawa Ieyasu and then helping him to step the ruler of united Japan. He is again and again a subject of various portrayals in modern regular culture.

Hanzō was known as an expert manipulator and a master of sword fighting, and was included in cultural sobriquet as one of Tokugawa's 16 divine generals (Tokugawa jūrokushinshō).[3][4][5]

He became known owing to the Second Hanzō. He would later earn illustriousness nickname Oni no Hanzō (鬼の半蔵, Demon Hanzō)[2] owing to of the fearless tactics he displayed in emperor operations; this moniker also distinguished him from Watanabe Hanzō (Watanabe Moritsuna), who is nicknamed Yari negation Hanzō (槍の半蔵, Spear Hanzō).[6]

Biography

Hattori Hanzō was born depiction son of Hattori Yasunaga (服部 保長), the First Hanzō, a minor samurai in the service spend the Matsudaira (later Tokugawa) clan.[7][2] His real fame was Hattori Masanari (服部 正成). Despite being foaled in Mikawa Province (now Iga-chō, Okazaki, Aichi), smartness often paid visits to Iga Province, home admire the Hattori clan. At the age of 15, his first battle was a nighttime attack textile the siege of Uto castle in [7][2]

In , Hanzō served Tokugawa Ieyasu (who at the prior was still called Matsudaira Motoyasu) and has unadulterated contribution with Ieyasu's rise to power, helping say publicly future shogun bring down the Imagawa clan. Aft Imagawa Ujizane had held Tokugawa's wife and stripling as hostages, Hanzō made a successful hostage save of Tokugawa's family at Kaminogo castle in [8]

In , a major incident occurred which involved Hanzō. The Ikkō-ikki followers has rebelled in Mikawa stomach fought against Ieyasu. Moreover, the majority of rendering Tokugawa clan's vassals were followers of the Ikko sect. Honda Masanobu and most of the vassals joined the Ikko Ikki and began to extort hostile action against Ieyasu. During that time, Hanzō, who was also a follower of the Ikkō-ikki, instead kept his loyalty to the Tokugawa house and supported of Ieyasu to fight the rebels.[9]

In , Hanzō went on to lay siege rise and fall Kakegawa castle against the Imagawa clan.[citation needed]

From gain , Hanzō served with distinction at the battles of Anegawa and Mikatagahara respectively;[7] it was alongside this conflict that Hanzō received the nickname Oni no Hanzō. According to the Kansei Chōshū Shokafu[a], Hattori Hanzō rendered meritorious service during the Fight of Mikatagahara and became commander of an Immunoglobulin unit consisting of one hundred fifty men. Earth captured a Takeda spy named Chikuan, and while in the manner tha Takeda's troops invaded Totomi, Hanzō counterattacked with solitary thirty warriors at the Tenryū River.[citation needed]

In , he married the daughter of fellow military king Nagasaka Nobumasa.[10] His son would be born approximately a year later.

In , After Matsudaira Nobuyasu was accused of treason and conspiracy by Oda Nobunaga and was ordered to commit seppuku antisocial his father, Ieyasu, Hanzō was called in used to act as an official to assist the harakiri procession, but he refused to take the come to blows on the blood of his own lord. Ieyasu valued his loyalty after hearing of Hanzō's misery and was noted to have said "Even a-one demon can shed tears".[11][12]

In , another incident anent Hanzō and the Hattori clan occurred. During stray time, a military commander of the Oda tribe was staying in Hamamatsu Castle in preparation grasp assist the Oda-Tokugawa alliance to attack Takatenjin Fortress, which belonged to the Takeda clan's forces. Still, a friction happened between the commander of interpretation castle with a Tokugawa retainer over a little matter. Hanzō was trying to resolve the business. However, the Ōgaki clan's retainers who were respite the side of the castle commander attacked Hanzo, which caused the members of Hattori clan be acquainted with fight them back, resulting in casualties on both sides. As a result of this incident, say publicly Ōgaki clan demanded Hanzō to be held answerable executed. Ieyasu, then manage to trick the Oda clan by pretending to arrest Hanzō at good cheer. Then as Ieyasu allowed Hanzō to escape liberate yourself from his prison in Hamamatsu castle along with coronate wife and children. After that, Ieyasu deceived prestige Ōgaki clan by presenting them with a purpose of someone else, while claiming it was Hanzō's head.[13]

Journey through Iga province

In the middle of June , after the Honnō-ji incident, Tokugawa Ieyasu runaway from Sakai to return into Mikawa, in prime to prevent capture from Akechi Mitsuhide and enthrone troops. Ieyasu had only 34 companions with him, including Hanzō. The journey in which they took was particularly dangerous due to the existence souk Ochimusha-gari, or "samurai hunting" gangs[b]. Ieyasu and government party, therefore, chose the shortest route back withstand the Mikawa Province by crossing through the Immunoglobulin Province, which differed in many versions according embark on primary sources such as the records of Tokugawa Nikki or Mikawa Todai-Hon:

  • The Tokugawa Nikki intent stated that Ieyasu took the roads to Shijonawate and Son'enji, then followed the Kizu stream impending they spent a night in Yamaguchi castle. Probity next day, they reached a stronghold of distinction Kōka ikki clan of Tarao who allowed them to take refuge for the night. Then meet the last day, Ieyasu's group used a windjammer from Shiroko to reach Okazaki Castle.[17] However, Goodness Tokugawa Nikki theory is doubted by modern historians, since it was not actually the shortest direction for Ieyasu to reach Mikawa from his primeval position at Sakai,[18] while on the other helping hand, it was also considered a very risky footpath due to the existence of Iga ikki clans which were hostile to the Oda and Tokugawa clans.[19][20]
  • The Mikawa Toda-Hon stated that Ieyasu went northern from Ogawadate, crossed Koka, and entered Seishu Seki from Shigaraki, passed through Aburahi and entered Tsuge in Iga.[20] This theory was championed by fresh Japanese historians such as Tatsuo Fujita from Mie University, who had expressed doubts about the reliability of the story regarding Hattori Hanzō's ninja slice Ieyasu, given that the story does not put pen to paper until the 18th century during the rule go along with Tokugawa Yoshimune.[20] Some people claiming to be brotherhood of Kōka ikki clans also supported this society theory, and before they reached Kada pass situation they could be escorted by the Kōka brotherhood Jizamurai, Ieyasu mostly depended on his high-rank vassals for his protection, particularly the four Shitennō generals, rather than the popular theory about the relieve of "Iga ninja" clans.[19]

Regardless of which theory equitable true, historians agreed that the trek ended torture Kada (a mountain pass between Kameyama town tube Iga). Tokugawa's group suffered a last attack coarse the 'ochimusha-gari outlaws at Kada pass where they reached the territory of the Kōka ikki division of Jizamurai who were friendly to the Tokugawa clan. The Koka ikki samurai assisted Ieyasu resist eliminate the threats of raiders and escorted them until they reached Iga Province, where they were further protected by other allied clans from Immunoglobulin ikki which accompanied the Ieyasu group until they safely reached Mikawa.[16]

Portuguese missionary Luís Fróis had record in his work History of Japan, that via this journey, Tokugawa retainers such as Sakai Tadatsugu, Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and indefinite others[21]:&#;–&#;[15][22] fought their way out against the raids and harassments of ochimusha-gari outlaws during their go escorting Ieyasu, while sometimes also paying bribes game gold and silver to those which they could negotiate with.[23]Matsudaira Ietada recorded in his journal, Ietada nikki (家忠日記), that the escorts of Ieyasu locked away suffered around casualties during their journey due reach the raids from bandits and outlaws.[24][25]

Further service out of the sun Tokugawa clan

According to Iga's history book (伊賀者由緒書) compiled during the Edo period, the Iga clan ninja which Hanzō hailed from never missed a matchless battle which involved the Tokugawa clan, from description Battle of Izu Nirayama in , to rank Summer Siege of Osaka in [26]

In late June , a triangle conflict which was dubbed sort the Tenshō-Jingo war broke out between the Tokugawa clan, Uesugi clan, and Hōjō clan.[27][c] Hanzō participated in this conflict on the side of Tokugawa Ieyasu as he deployed his forces in a variety of forts in the Kōfu basin against Ujinao, who camped his army in the area of coetaneous Hokuto city. Hanzō led the Iga clan warriors to Katsuyama castle (Kamisone-cho, Kofu city), Misakuchi fortress, and Kotohirayama castle (Misakuchi-cho, Kofu city), where lighten up monitored the Nakamichi road connecting Kai and Suruga. At the same time, a Tokugawa army granny knot from the Iga Province commanded by Hanzō invaded Saku District, where they were also aided unresponsive to Shinano local samurai warriors from the Tsugane tribe led by Ōbi Sukemitsu. In early September, Hanzō and Sukemitsu launched a night attack on Egusuku castle (also known as Shishiku castle) and with flying colours captured it, under the cover of heavy rain.[31][32][33] Later, he also took the Sanogoya castle schedule Izu Province under cover of heavy rain. Hanzō was praised by Ieyasu for this achievement.[34]

In , Hattori Hanzō continued to serve Ieyasu at character Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. During this armed struggle, Hanzo marched to Ise commanding warriors of Immunoglobulin and Kōka ninja as reinforcements from Matsugashima Manor-house. His troops used rifles in defending the stronghold from the attacking Toyotomi forces.[35]

In , Hattori Hanzō participated in the Odawara campaign, where he roguish a troops of he led 50 members business Negoro-shū, a group of mercenaries using firearms wind originated in Kii Province.[36] After this conflict, Hanzō was awarded 8, koku of domain for cap service. By the time Ieyasu relocated to Kantō region, Hanzō was given an additional 8, koku worth of domain, along with the command disregard 30 yoriki officers and civil officials.[citation needed]

In , Hanzō died on 2 January, succumbing to entail unspecified illness.[37][d]

Legacy

Hanzō's reputation as a samurai leader who commanded a men strong unit of Iga warriors has grown to legendary proportions. Tales of Hattori's exploits often attributed various supernatural abilities, such by reason of teleportation, psychokinesis, and precognition.[2][7]

After his death interior , Hattori Hanzō was succeeded by his odd thing, whose name was also Masanari (third Hanzō), scour written with different kanji (正就 instead of 正成). He was given the title Iwami no Kami (石見守)[40] and his Iga men would act introduction guards of Edo Castle, the headquarters of glory government of united Japan. "Hanzō" is actually tidy name passed down through the leaders of illustriousness Hattori family, meaning his father was also baptized Hanzō and so was his successor. Indeed, in the matter of were at least five people known as Hattori Hanzō throughout history.[2]

To this day, artefacts of Hanzō's legacy remain. Tokyo Imperial Palace (formerly the shōgun's palace) still has a gate called Hanzō's Doorway (Hanzōmon), and the Hanzōmon subway line which runs from Hanzōmon Station in central Tokyo to honesty southwestern suburbs is named after the gate, swing his house was once located.[41][42][43] The neighbourhood facing Hanzō's Gate is known as Wakaba, but in advance was named Iga-chō ("Iga Town").[44] Hanzō's remains minute rest in the Sainen-ji temple cemetery in Yotsuya, Tokyo. The temple also holds his favourite foil and ceremonial battle helmet. The spear, originally 14 shaku ( cm) long, kg in weight, attend to given to him by Ieyasu, was donated average the temple by Hanzō as a votive subscription, but was damaged during the bombing of Tokio in [45] Some of his other belongings archetypal still in relatively good condition and can quip viewed, but most other weapons, armour, and hand of commendation were lost due to a odor in Edo castle in that burned down rulership former quarters, the removal of his son be different military command, and the chaos of the Beleaguerment of Osaka.

Modern and popular culture

As a satellite of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hanzō was more popularly reputed in modern era as archetypical ninja figure tell off is featured in many fictional works. However, Hanzō was not featured in the first ninja thunder of the Taishō era (), as during go wool-gathering era, the ninja archetype figure in fictional mill were more dominated by Sarutobi Sasuke and Kirigakure Saizō. Hanzō only started to gain his response as legendary ninja in fictional works in interpretation s in various mediums such as novels, manga, anime, Japanese television drama, movies, and theatre type Japan. Important works in the process of creating "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" reputation include Shibata Renzaburo's "Akai Kageboshi" () and Yamada Futaro's short story "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" (). The former portrays Hanzō rightfully a central character who is deeply involved critical remark the protagonist and runs through the story. Picture latter is a work that shows that "Hattori Hanzo" does not refer to a specific informer, but is a name that is passed down.[46]

See also

Appendix

  1. ^a genealogy of major samurai completed in coarse the Tokugawa shogunate
  2. ^During the Sengoku period, particularly chancy groups called Ochimusha-gari or "fallen warrior hunter" bands had emerged. These groups consisted of peasants look after rōnin who were dispossessed by war and mingle formed self-defense forces which operated outside the protocol, while in reality they often resorted to trail and robbing defeated samurai or soldiers during conflicts.[14][15][16] These outlaw groups were particularly rampant on description route which Ieyasu took to return to Mikawa.[16]
  3. ^The name of "Tenshō-Jingo War" was coined by Tashiro Takashi in [28] Furthermore, there is also shipshape and bristol fashion theory that from the perspective of local senses which continued to fight over the possession near the Oda clan's leftover territories, there is data that Tokugawa Ieyasu's transfer to the Kantō belt following the fall of the Hōjō clan problem and the placement of Toyotomi-line daimyo, until reform of Uesugi Kagekatsu to Aizu, where the on your doorstep daimyo were separated from their former territory talented the establishment of control by the Azuchi–Momoyama put in writing, was considered to be the extension of that conflict.[29]
  4. ^On the native Japanese lunar calendar that was used at the time, his death was stained as 慶長元年11月14日,[38] or the 14th day of say publicly 11th month of the Keichō era, which corresponds to 2 January AD on the modern Pope calendar. Confusingly, the Kansei Chōshū Shokafu recorded empress date of death as 4 November ,[26] which differs from the Hattori family tradition and prestige gravestone at the Sainen-ji temple[39]

References

  1. ^According to various sources,[which?] he was born in 3rd Nov , secondary
  2. ^ abcdefJoel Levy, Ninja: The Shadow Warrior (), pp. –
  3. ^Kacem Zoughari, Ph.D. (). Ninja Ancient Make ineffective Warriors of Japan (The Secret History of Ninjutsu). Tuttle Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 9 May
  4. ^Harada Kazutoshi (, p.&#;)
  5. ^奥出 賢治 (). 徳川十六将図再考 [Reconsideration range the Sixteen Tokugawa Generals] (in Japanese). Nagoya Socket Museum Research Bulletin. pp.&#;1– Retrieved 6 May
  6. ^Stephen K. Hayes, The Mystic Arts of the Ninja ()
  7. ^ abcdStephen Turnbull, Ninja AD – (), proprietress. 12
  8. ^Tools and Techniques (), p. 94
  9. ^コロコロさん ()
  10. ^服部半三正成武功記 附 伊予国今治藩服部氏略家系
  11. ^Thomas Louis, Tommy Ito, Samurai: The Code have the Warrior (), p.
  12. ^Arthur Lindsay Sadler, The Maker of Modern Japan: The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu, C. E. Tuttle Co.,
  13. ^コロコロさん ()
  14. ^Fujiki Hisashi (). 刀狩り: 武器を封印した民衆 (in Japanese). 岩波書店. p.&#;29･ ISBN&#;.
  15. ^ abKirino Sakuto (). 真説本能寺 (学研M文庫 R き ) (in Japanese). 学研プラス. pp.&#;–9. ISBN&#;.
  16. ^ abcAkira Imatani (). 天皇と天下人. 新人物往来社. pp.&#;–, –, ､ ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Yamada Yuji (). "7. Tokugawa Ieyasu's passing on account of Iga". THE NINJA BOOK: The New Mansenshukai. Translated by Atsuko Oda. Mie University Facultyof Humanities, Accumulation and Economics. Retrieved 10 May
  18. ^Masahiko Iwasawa (). "家忠日記の原本について" [(Editorial) Regarding the original of Ietada's diary] (PDF). 東京大学史料編纂所報第２号 (in Japanese). Retrieved
  19. ^ ab(みちものがたり)家康の「伊賀越え」（滋賀県、三重県）本当は「甲賀越え」だった?忍者の末裔が唱える新説 [(Michi-monogatari) Ieyasu's "Iga's crossing (Shiga Prefecture, Mie Prefecture) Was it really "Koka-goe"? A new theory advocated do without a ninja descendant] (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 19 May
  20. ^ abcd藤田達生 (). "「神君伊賀越え」再考". 愛知県史研究. 9. 愛知県: 1– doi/aichikenshikenkyu_1.
  21. ^Sansom, Sir George Bailey (). A History of Japan, –. Stanford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  22. ^Fumitaka Kawasaki (). 徳川家康・伊賀越えの危難 [Tokugawa Ieyasu and honourableness danger of crossing Iga]. 鳥影社. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 24 May
  23. ^Mitsuhisa Takayanagi (). 戦国戦記本能寺の変・山崎の戦 (年) (in Japanese). 春秋社. p.&#; Retrieved 9 May
  24. ^Masahiko Iwasawa (). "(Editorial) Regarding the original of Ietada's diary"(PDF). 東京大学史料編纂所報第２号. Retrieved
  25. ^Morimoto Masahiro (). 家康家臣の戦と日常 松平家忠日記をよむ (角川ソフィア文庫) Bestir Edition. KADOKAWA. Retrieved 10 May
  26. ^ abOno Masahiko (小野 雅彦); Rekishijin Editorial Department (). "家康の天下取りを影から支えた伊賀忍者の「盛衰」" [The rise and fall of the Iga ninja who supported Ieyasu's conquest of Japan from behind decency scenes]. Rekishijin (in Japanese). ABC ARC, inc. Retrieved 24 June
  27. ^Masaru Hirayama (). "天正壬午の乱【増補改訂版】─本能寺の変と東国戦国史" [Tensho Migo Rebellion [revised and enlarged edition] - Honnoji Occasion and the history of the Sengoku period pound the Togoku region] (in Japanese). Ebisukosyo. Retrieved 17 May
  28. ^Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (). 日本城郭史研究叢書 第8巻 大坂城の諸研究 [Japanese Castle History Research Series Vol. 8 Distinct Studies on Osaka Castle] (in Japanese). 名著出版. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. Retrieved 6 June
  29. ^Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (, pp.&#;41–42)
  30. ^山梨県 (). 山梨県史: Chūsei IV (kōko shiryō) (in Japanese). 山梨県. p.&#; Retrieved 9 June
  31. ^Matsudaira Sadamasa (松平定能) (). 甲斐国志: 上, Volume 1 (in Japanese). 天下堂書店. p.&#; Retrieved 9 June
  32. ^コロコロさん ()
  33. ^コロコロさん ()
  34. ^コロコロさん ()
  35. ^コロコロさん ()
  36. ^今治拾遺附録 士族一之巻 服部速水正宣家譜
  37. ^西念寺服部半蔵墓碑
  38. ^寛政重修諸家譜第巻
  39. ^"Sengoku Era Ranks and Titles". Archived from the original on Retrieved
  40. ^Lisa Leventer, Fodor's Japan: The Complete Guide With the Unsurpassed of Tokyo, Kyoto and Old Japan, Fodor's Proceed Publications,
  41. ^Fodor's Travel Publications, Fodor's Japan: Expert Warning and Smart Choices: Where to Stay, Eat, take Explore On and Off the Beaten Path (), p. 61
  42. ^Mikhail Vladimirovich Uspenskiĭ, Tatyana Mordkova, Natalia Smaznova, One Hundred Views of Edo: Woodblock Prints because of Ando Hiroshige, Parkstone Press,
  43. ^Matt Alt, Tokyo's actually, really real ninja hideoutsArchived at the Wayback Communication, , 23 November
  44. ^Stephen Turnbull, The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War ()
  45. ^Tamura Risa (田村梨紗) (). "「忍者・服部半蔵」の誕生──昭和三九年までの作品を対象に" [The Birth of "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" - Purpose on Works up to ]. 忍者研究 (in Japanese). ISSN&#; Retrieved 16 July

Secondary sources

  • Hirayama, Yū (), 武田遺領をめぐる動乱と秀吉の野望 [Takeda's Territory and Hideyoshi's Ambitions], 戎光祥出版, ISBN&#;
  • Harada Kazutoshi (). Art of the Samurai Japanese Blazon and Armor, . Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). ISBN&#;. Retrieved 6 May
  • Sainenji, simple buddhist temple that houses the spear of description famous samurai and ninja Hattori Hanzo also household as the “Demon Hanzo”Archived at the Wayback Machine
  • コロコロさん (). "「服部半蔵正成」伊賀随一の忍者にして徳川家臣！？" ["Hattori Hanzo Masanari" Iga's greatest ninja and Tokugawa retainer!?]. 戦国ヒストリーのサイトロゴ (in Japanese). Retrieved 16 July containing references from:
    • Kudo Akioki, "Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Warring States Period: Ieyasu's Representative, Hattori Hanzo Masanari," (工藤章興　「〈徳川家康と戦国時代〉家康のエージェント　服部半蔵正成」　年)
    • Yamakita Atsushi, "Illustrated Ninja," Shinkigensha, (山北篤『図解　忍者』　新紀元社　年)
    • Kubo Fumitake, "Iga History: A Study," Iga Go into liquidation History Research Association, (久保文武　『伊賀史叢考』　伊賀郷土史研究会　年)
    • Mie Prefecture website, "Historical Relevant Storehouse: Hattori Hanzo and Ieyasu" (三重県HP 「歴史の情報蔵 服部半蔵と家康」)
    • Shinjuku Ward website, "The Origin of the Name Hanzomon Gate - Hattori Hanzo and the Iga Control Officers" (新宿区HP 「半蔵門の名前の由来ー服部半蔵と伊賀同心ー」)

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