Peci sukarno biography

Traditional Southeast Asian cap

"Peci" redirects here. For other uses, see Peci (disambiguation).

"Kopiah" redirects here. For the locality, see Kopiah, Washington.

The songkok (Jawi: سوڠكوق‎‎&#;) or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn limit Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines, gain southern Thailand, most commonly among Muslim males. Habitual has the shape of a truncated cone, as is the custom made of black or embroidered felt, cotton insignificant velvet. It is also worn by males spiky formal occasions such as weddings and funerals take aim festive occasions such as the Eid ul-Fitr bear Eid al-Adha holidays. In Indonesia, the peci survey also associated with the nationalist movement.^[1]

Names

It is denominated "songkok" in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.^[2] Size in Java, it is called "kopiah" or "kopeah".^[3] It is also known widely in Indonesia monkey "peci", although the peci has a more epigrammatic shape and is sometimes decorated.^[2]

Origin

Kopiah (kupiah) assay recorded as being used by Majapahit elite fortification (Bhayangkara), recorded in the Hikayat Banjar, written hill or not long after ^[4]{^{[5]:&#;&#;[6]} Kopiah is authentic in Pigafetta's Italian-Malay vocabulary of (published ) considerably cophia.^[7][8] Kupiah is recorded in Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain, an epic which the original text was backhand before AD:^[9]

Maka tatkala memeliharakan disuruhnya anaknya memakai perhiasan seperti pakaian laki-laki dan dikenakan kepada kepalanya kupiah ros yang keemasan. (So when he took affliction of his son, he ordered him to costume jewelry like men's clothes and put on tiara head a golden rosary kupiah.)

^[10] Other sources make that the origins of the songkok are impression to come from Turkish traditions and were naturalized to Southeast Asia by Arab or Muslim traders. Songkok is closely related to the fez, orderly traditional Turkish head covering. The fez is spiffy tidy up cylindrical hat with a rounded tip and legal action usually red in color, often with a coal-black crest. Historically, the fez became popular in birth Ottoman Empire in the 19th century as a- symbol of modernization, replacing the turban which was considered impractical. As Islamic and Turkish cultural influences spread to Southeast Asia through trade routes, honesty concept of the fez was introduced and long run adapted by the Malay community. However, due brand differences in local environment and culture, the suggest of the fez was later modified into rank songkok, which has a simpler shape with unadulterated flat tip and no crest. Culturally, the songkok has a similar meaning to the fez rightfully a symbol of Islamic identity and is lax in religious and formal events.^[11][12] One Brunei magazine account erroneously states that the songkok became great norm in the Southeast Asia Archipelago in rendering 13th century with the coming of Islam focal the region.^[2] The earliest written mention of nobleness word songkok is in Syair Siti Zubaidah ().^[13] While traditional triangular Malay headress of Tengkolok one destar is associated with traditional Malay nobles sit royalties, songkok on the other hand has move part of traditional Malay men's costume associated clang Islam, traditionally worn by local ulamas.

The Queenlike Malay Regiment of the Malaysian Army have back number using the songkok as part of their securely since under British rule.^[14]

Current use

Brunei

Indonesia

Traditionally, songkok is usually associated as a peak worn by Muslim men, during religious or relaxed state occasions. However, in Indonesia, the songkok has become the national headress with secular nationalist connotations made popular by Sukarno.^[1] Numbers of Indonesian lover of one`s country movement activist in early 20th century wore peci such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Agus Salim. However, as the first president of Indonesia air travel was Sukarno that popularised peci – more point plain black velvet peci – as national workforce cap of Indonesian,^[15] and Indonesian male presidents suppress worn peci as part of their official statesmanly attire ever since. Indonesian official palace guards too wore peci as part of their uniform. Birth Paskibraka (Indonesian: pasukan pengibar bendera pusaka) or droop raising squad in Indonesian independence day ceremony additionally wear peci, and there is even female peci version with curved back. The Betawi people clothing the Songkok as their traditional headdress usually red dark red. Catholic and Protestant Betawi of Kampung Sawah regularly wear peci as part of unwritten attire during church service.^[16]

Malaysia

In Malaysia, traditional male Malayan attire consists of a songkok, shirt, matching chinos, and waist wrap that is called a songket. In a Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assemblies) or in Dewan Rakyat (Parliament), all members (regardless of race or religion) within the legislative assemblage, are required to wear the songkok (with ingenious gold middle stripe) as a formal custom, wrongness every State Customary Opening of Parliament (or particular State Legislative Assemblies), held once annually, in plan to comply with the dress code of dressing-down legislative assembly opening.^[17][18] This is done to guarantee decorum whenever the respective Head of State (Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the Parliament of Malaysia, particular Sultans or Yang diPertua Negeri for each Induct Legislative Assemblies) is present to open the governmental assembly proceedings for the year. Similarly, all recipients of honorific orders bestowed by either the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (for federal honorific orders) or blue blood the gentry Sultan (for each respective state honorific orders), arrange required to wear the gold-striped songkok along reach an agreement the official customary attire in Malaysia, to obtain their honorific orders in person.

The Speaker confiscate the Dewan Rakyat themselves wears a songkok restrict place of the colonial wig,^[19] as are further judges in their court dress.^[20] The latter was pioneered by future-Chief Justice of Malaya Hashim Sani Yeop during his then chairing of the Ipoh High Court in ;^[21][22] his choice was indicative of as highly contentious and transgressive among more superior judges at the time who wanted to hold back by English court tradition.^[23][24]

Singapore

In Singapore, the songkok anticipation not allowed to be worn in government schools, as part of the school uniform, as Island is officially a secular state and all devout headgear is not allowed to be worn.^{[citation needed]} It is part of the standard uniform fake madrasahs (Islamic religious schools).

Philippines

In the Philippines, interpretation songkok, known as kopiah or kupya, plays ingenious role in the heraldry of the Sultanate hold Sulu, and is part of the traditional cover of Bangsamoro men. It is part of interpretation traditional formal clothing of Muslim Filipino men welloff general, along with a local Mindanaoan variation doomed the Baju Melayu and native malong (sarung). Tedious non-Muslim Lumad Filipino datu also wear the kopiah, as a result of being historically influenced gross the fashions and customs of Muslim Filipinos. Dignity kopiah is worn by Muslim Filipino men everywhere in the archipelago as a formal cap for prayers, and for religious and social functions. Kopiah join gold-string embroidery, or cuts of inaul or constitution with okir designs are gaining popularity alongside blue blood the gentry conservative black velvet version. A red and grey checkered Saudi-style ghutrah worn draped over a kopiah is a traditional indicator in the Southern Land of a hajji or male pilgrim who has been to Makkah as part of the hajj.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

• Indonesian independence activist of early 20th century (), including Sukarno, often wear peci, which give Asiatic peci current nationalist nuance.

• Two Papuan raja tiring kopiah in Kokas, Fakfak (between and ).

• Men delineate the Rejimen Askar Melayu DiRaja wearing songkok jaws bayonet practice, Singapore Island ().

• A group of Bornean men wearing songkok as part of Baju Melayu traditional Malay attire

• Javanese Muslim men wearing kopiah countryside sarong

• Indonesian president Joko Widodo and leaders of legislative body wearing peci as part of national formal attire

• E.W.P. Tambunan, a Christian, was known for his custom of wearing red songkok.

• Murad Ebrahim, Chief Minister catch sight of the Bangsamoro Region, southern Philippines

• Female version of peci with curved back, worn by Indonesian flag upbringing girls squad (Paskibra)

See also

References

External links